Garments

Table of Contents

Garment production includes multiple manufacturing and transformation nodes, such as fabric printing and dyeing; cutting, sewing, and trimming; finishing; and embellishing. Labor abuse risks can occur at any or all of these nodes. In addition, garment production includes multiple material inputs like cotton, thread and yarn, textiles, wool, silk, leather, and/or rubber that have their own risk of labor abuses in production. Traceability systems in the garment and apparel industry should be holistic and capable of providing transparency into the production of raw material inputs or components, as well as into final assembly and manufacturing. This profile focuses primarily on risks associated with production of the end product garments themselves. For more information on upstream risks in material inputs, see the SCT profiles for cotton, thread/yarn, textiles, silk fabric, leather, and rubber.
Garments are often produced with inputs from multiple countries, which increases the complexity and opacity of the supply chain. Traceability systems seeking to provide insight across the entire production process must be able to integrate data from multiple origins and account for differing levels of administrative capacity.
The prevalence of sub-contracting, especially to informal and/or home-based facilities, contributes to the opacity of global garment supply chains. Given the vulnerability of workers in these settings to forced and child labor, traceability systems should build visibility into subcontracting processes and account for these workers in subsequent due diligence efforts.

Forced Labor or Trafficking in Persons cited by U.S. Government

Child Labor cited by U.S. Government

Risk of Forced Labor or Trafficking in Persons cited by other source

Risk of Child Labor cited by other source

Documented presence of migrant workers

Documented presence of other vulnerable workers

Documented presence or significant likelihood of third-party labor recruiters

The U.S. Department of Labor has cited the presence of forced labor in the production of garments in Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, India, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam.¹ The U.S. Department of State has also reported trafficking in persons for the purpose of exploitation in the production of garments in Armenia, Barbados, China, Guatemala, India, Jordan, Laos, Malaysia, Poland, Sri Lanka, the United Kingdom, Vietnam, and Zambia.²
The U.S. Department of Labor has identified child labor in the production of garments in Argentina, Bangladesh, Burma, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam.³
Non-governmental sources have also noted the presence of forced labor in the production of garments in Argentina,⁴ Brazil,⁵ China,⁶ India,⁷ Malaysia,⁸ Mexico,⁹ Thailand,¹⁰ the United Kingdom,¹¹ and Vietnam.¹² One report cited the presence of forced labor in the production of garments in Ukraine, Croatia, and Bulgaria.¹³ Several rights organizations have reported that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the risk of forced labor and workers’ vulnerability worldwide. The commercial responses of many brands to the pandemic have included the cancellation of orders, which has led to workers being laid off and working conditions deteriorating.¹⁴
Labor rights groups have highlighted the presence of child labor in the production of garments in Bangladesh,¹⁵ Burma,¹⁶ China,¹⁷ India,¹⁸ Indonesia, Malaysia,¹⁹ Mexico,²⁰ Turkey,²¹ and Vietnam.²²
Both internal and international migrant workers constitute a significant portion of the workforce across all garment producing regions in the world.²³ Garment sectors in Australia, Egypt, throughout the European Union, Jordan, Malaysia, the Maldives, Mauritius, Thailand, Taiwan, and the United States employ a high percentage of international migrant workers,²⁴ whereas Vietnam employs mainly internal migrants.²⁵ The exploitative conditions prevalent in the garment sector are exacerbated by the legal insecurity of migrant workers, which is detrimental to their ability to exercise and enforce their rights.²⁶
There are many vulnerable groups employed in the garment sector, often in exploitative conditions. In Turkey, Syrian refugees, including children,²⁷ work in the production of garments.²⁸

Ethnic minorities have a significant presence in global garment production, including Uyghurs and Tibetans in China²⁹ and Muslims and members of Scheduled Castes in India.³⁰ One study noted that ethnic minorities or lower caste workers in India were most likely to be laid off during the COVID-19 pandemic.³¹

Production dynamics in the garment sector are highly gendered; women constitute up to 85 percent of the workforce.³² Despite their large presence in the labor force, they usually work in low-skilled positions with low pay and are subject to more precarious working conditions than male workers.³³ Gender discrimination is widespread and women are often subjected to sexual harassment and abuse.³⁴
The use of third-party labor recruiters is prevalent in global garment supply chains and recruiters often employ deceptive hiring tactics regarding wages and/or working conditions.³⁵ Some labor brokers are only responsible for the recruitment of workers, while others have management responsibilities, such as paying workers’ salaries In some cases, brokers are involved in the recruitment of home-based workers.³⁶

Large numbers of dispersed, unorganized, or informal small producers or other worksites

Multiple points of aggregation, co-mingling, and/or transformation across supply chain

Complex/opaque supply chains and/or lack of vertical integration

High degree of flexibility in procurement practices of downstream entities

Global garment supply chains are extremely dispersed. Production is consistently outsourced to small factories or home-based workshops that are scattered across many countries.³⁷ Production facilities are often informal and produce garments for both domestic and international markets.³⁸
Along the supply chain, garments undergo a variety of transformation processes, such as dying, printing, and bleaching, that result in physical and chemical changes to the product.³⁹
Garment supply chains are notoriously fragmented; several actors are involved in production at various stages and nodes,⁴⁰ resulting in complex webs dispersed across multiple countries.⁴¹ They are further characterized by extreme opacity due to the frequency of unauthorized and undisclosed outsourcing.⁴² Companies often only have visibility into formal, Tier 1 factories,⁴³ but since outsourcing often involves informal or home-based workshops, companies lack insight further down the supply chain.⁴⁴
Some production facilities are integrated. Integration may take two forms: vertical integration, in which manufacturers perform all stages of garment production, and horizontal integration, in which manufacturers specialize in a certain stage of the production process. In horizontally integrated enterprises, production occurs across several units that are often registered separately, despite belonging to the same firm. Consequently, it is not always easily discernible whether a firm is horizontally or vertically integrated, or if it is integrated at all.⁴⁵
Garment supply chains are highly buyer-driven. Combined with their global nature, this enables brands to flexibly source garments from many different countries and suppliers and shift production with relative ease.⁴⁶

Scale or nature of risk varies significantly based on geographic area of production

Scale or nature of risk is strongly associated with certain types of suppliers/entities

Scale or nature of risk is present across multiple tiers or nodes of supply chain (including in associated downstream or upstream goods)

About 60 percent of the world’s total garment exports originate in Asia, where most child and forced labor risks are documented.⁴⁷ Garment production in this region primarily takes place in the upstream portion of global garment supply chain that involves low-skilled labor and operates under intense downstream pressure. This tends to negatively impact working conditions and wages for workers.⁴⁸
Child labor in the garment sector in particular is a regional issue most prevalent in Asia and Africa.⁴⁹ Some evidence suggests that child and forced labor in India’s informal home-based garment sector is more common in North India than South India.⁵⁰
Child and forced labor risks are present across all tiers and production stages of the full garment supply chain, from the production and harvest of cotton to the spinning and assembling of garments.⁵¹ Labor abuses, child labor, and forced labor are less common in first-tier formal garment manufacturing facilities,⁵² but are prevalent in informal and home-based workshops.⁵³ Women and girls represent the majority of workforce in these settings, making them particularly vulnerable to exploitation.⁵⁴

Garment supply chains are complex, fragmented, and opaque⁵⁵ and production within them can span several countries across almost every continent.⁵⁶ Globally, the sector employs more than 60 million workers, with most of them located in least developed and developing countries in the upstream segment of the supply chain.⁵⁷ Garment production occurs across many tiers and production steps; a fully sleeved jacket may involve 120 operations between cutting and packing alone.⁵⁸

Garments are typically made from natural or synthetic fabrics. They can also be made from blends, like cotton or polyester. This means that raw materials such as cotton, wool, and down, as well as polyester and other synthetic materials, serve as upstream inputs for the production of garments. Garment manufacturing begins with the bleaching, dyeing, and/or printing of woven or knit fabrics. Fabric is then cut, stitched, and transformed through value-added processes such as embellishment. Finally, finished products are labeled and packed.⁵⁹ All of these production steps and processes may be outsourced and subcontracted multiple times, often to informal or home-based worksites.⁶⁰ Garments may then be sold in domestic markets or international markets or to brands for retail. Multinational corporations often employ third-party agents that source from their large network of factories for garment production for these brands.⁶¹

Fabric Dyeing & Printing

Cut-Make-Trim Manufacturing

Embellishment, including Subcontracted Work

Wholesale/Retail

Garments are produced with cotton and cottonseed.

Garments are produced with thread/yarn.

Garments are produced with textiles.

Garments are produced with embellished textiles.

Some garments are also produced with leather, the production of which has been reportedly associated with forced labor and child labor.

Textiles Apparel and Luxury Goods

Garments are primarily associated with the Textile, Apparel & Luxury Goods sector.

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted

Child Labor in Cotton Supply Chains: Action-Based Collaborative Project to Address Human Rights Issues in Turkey Fiber-forward traceability using digital twin blockchain technology Cotton and garment traceability using additive tracers UNECE Blockchain Traceability Pilot Projects – Cotton and Leather Value Chains Leather & Cotton traceability using supply chain mapping Apparel, footwear, and equipment traceability using supply chain mapping Textile and garment traceability using an additive tracer and digital chain of custody Fairtrade Textile Standard Textile Exchange’s Content Claim Standard (CCS)Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS)

1
List of Goods Produced by Child or Forced Labor. Bureau of International Labor Affairs, 28 September 2022, www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2021/2022-TVPRA-List-of-Goods-v3.pdf.
2
Trafficking in Persons Report. United States Department of State, July 2022, www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/22-00757-TIP-REPORT_072822-inaccessible.pdf.
3
List of Goods Produced by Child or Forced Labor. Bureau of International Labor Affairs, 28 September 2022, www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/child_labor_reports/tda2021/2022-TVPRA-List-of-Goods-v3.pdf.
4
Messina, Guiseppe. Forced Labor in Argentina: Advances and Challenges. International Labour Organization, 2018, www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—americas/—ro-lima/—ilo-buenos_aires/documents/publication/wcms_656747.pdf.
5
The Brazilian Report. Monitoring Slave Labor in Brazil’s Fast-Fashion Industry. Wilson Center, April 2020, www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/monitoring-slave-labor-brazils-fast-fashion-industry.
6
2021 Apparel and Footwear Benchmark Report. KnowTheChain, April 2021, knowthechain.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-KTC-AF-Benchmark-Report.pdf.
7
Kara, Siddharth. Tainted Garments. The Exploitation of Women and Girls in India’s Home-based Garment Sector. Blum Center for Developing Economies, January 2019, drive.google.com/file/d/1ixp7QunDHOkOwJstndfaeBpQHBh_-Bmq/view.
8
Paton, Elizabeth. A Close Look at a Fashion Supply Chain Is Not Pretty. The New York Times, 6 August 2020, www.nytimes.com/2020/07/28/style/malaysia-forced-labor-garment-workers.html.
9
Abudlla, Hannah. Mexico launches plan to tackle labour abuse in fashion supply chain. Just Style, January 2020, www.just-style.com/news/mexico-launches-plan-to-tackle-labour-abuse-in-fashion-supply-chain/.
10
The Global Slavery Index 2018. Walk Free Foundation, 2018, https://www.walkfree.org/global-slavery-index/findings/global-findings/.
11
Forced labour in Leicester’s garment industry. Anti-Slavery International, October 2020, www.antislavery.org/forced-labour-in-leicesters-garment-industry/.
12
Zhang Sheldon, et al. Prevalence of Forced Labor in Vietnam’s Apparel Industry. Global Fund To End Modern Slavery, 2021, www.gfems.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/VietnamApparelLaborStudy_FinalReport.pdf.
13
Musiolek, Bettina, et al. Exploitation Made in Europe. Human Rights Abuses in Facilities Producing for German Fashion Brands in: Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, Bulgaria. Clean Clothes Campaign, April 2020, cleanclothes.org/file-repository/exploitation-made.pdf/view.
14
LeBaron, Genevieve, et al. The Unequal Impacts of Covid-19 on Global Garment Supply Chains. Evidence from Ethiopia, Honduras, India, and Myanmar. The University of Sheffield, 2021, The-Unequal-Impacts-of-Covid-19-on-Global-Garment-Supply-Chains.pdf.
15
Murray, Fraser, et al. Study on Modern Slavery in Bangladesh. DAI, August 2019, assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5e56a40d86650c539fff3f20/DFID_Study_on_Modern_Slavery_in_Bangladesh_.pdf.
16
World Day Against Child Labour: Stories from Myanmar. Fair Wear, June 2018, www.fairwear.org/stories/world-day-against-child-labour-stories-from-myanmar/.
17
Gaffar, Canaria and Ines Kaempfer. In the interest of the child? Child rights and homeworkers in textile and handicraft supply chains in Asia. Save the Children, 2019, resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/pdf/ccr_csr_stc_study_on_child_rights_and_homeworkers_2019.pdf/.
18
Moulds, Josephine. Child labour in the fashion supply chain. Where, why and what can be done. The Guardian, 19 January 2015, labs.theguardian.com/unicef-child-labour/.
19
Gaffar, Canaria and Ines Kaempfer. In the interest of the child? Child rights and homeworkers in textile and handicraft supply chains in Asia. Save the Children, 2019, resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/pdf/ccr_csr_stc_study_on_child_rights_and_homeworkers_2019.pdf/.
20
Abudlla, Hannah. Mexico launches plan to tackle labour abuse in fashion supply chain. Just Style, January 2020, www.just-style.com/news/mexico-launches-plan-to-tackle-labour-abuse-in-fashion-supply-chain/.
21
Call for Expression of Interest. Combatting child labour in Turkish garment supply chains. UNICEF, August 2022, www.unpartnerportal.org/api/public/export/projects/3809/.
22
Sreedharan, Liva and Aarti Kapoor. Sitting on pins and needles: a rapid assessment of labour conditions in Vietnam’s garment sector. Anti-Slavery International, April 2019, www.antislavery.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Pins-and-Needles-Vietnam-supply-chains-report.pdf.
23
Suleymanova, Radmilla. Are your favourite fashion brands using forced labour? Aljazeera, 14 July 2021, www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/7/14/are-your-favourite-fashion-brands-using-forced-labour.
24
Industry Profile. Textile and Apparel. Responsible Sourcing Tool, www.responsiblesourcingtool.org/visualizerisk.
25
Sreedharan, Liva and Aarti Kapoor. Sitting on pins and needles: a rapid assessment of labour conditions in Vietnam’s garment sector. Anti-Slavery International, April 2019, www.antislavery.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Pins-and-Needles-Vietnam-supply-chains-report.pdf.
26
2021 Apparel and Footwear Benchmark Report. KnowTheChain, April 2021, knowthechain.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-KTC-AF-Benchmark-Report.pdf.
27
Pople, Nicole. Child Labour in Turkey. How the Syrian conflict is impacting the Turkish garment sector. Fair Wear Foundation, February 2017, api.fairwear.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/FWF-article-child-labour-Turkey.pdf.
28
Syrian Workers in Turkey’s Garment Industry. Looking Back, Moving Forward. Clean Clothes Campaign Turkey, November 2019, cleanclothes.org/file-repository/syrian-refugees-in-textile.pdf/view.
29
2021 Apparel and Footwear Benchmark Report. KnowTheChain, April 2021, knowthechain.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-KTC-AF-Benchmark-Report.pdf.
30
Kara, Siddharth. Tainted Garments. The Exploitation of Women and Girls in India’s Home-based Garment Sector. Blum Center for Developing Economies, January 2019, drive.google.com/file/d/1ixp7QunDHOkOwJstndfaeBpQHBh_-Bmq/view.
31
LeBaron, Genevieve, et al. The Unequal Impacts of Covid-19 on Global Garment Supply Chains. Evidence from Ethiopia, Honduras, India, and Myanmar. The University of Sheffield, 2021, The-Unequal-Impacts-of-Covid-19-on-Global-Garment-Supply-Chains.pdf.
32
Industry Profile. Textile and Apparel. Responsible Sourcing Tool, www.responsiblesourcingtool.org/visualizerisk.
33
Children’s Rights in the Garment and Footwear Supply Chain. UNICEF, June 2020, www.unicef.org/media/70121/file/Childrens-rights-in-the-garment-and-footwear-supply-chain-2020.pdf.
34
2021 Apparel and Footwear Benchmark Report. KnowTheChain, April 2021, knowthechain.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-KTC-AF-Benchmark-Report.pdf.
35
2021 Apparel and Footwear Benchmark Report. KnowTheChain, April 2021, knowthechain.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-KTC-AF-Benchmark-Report.pdf.
36
Industry Profile. Textile and Apparel. Responsible Sourcing Tool, www.responsiblesourcingtool.org/visualizerisk.
37
Call for Expression of Interest. Combatting child labour in Turkish garment supply chains. UNICEF, August 2022, www.unpartnerportal.org/api/public/export/projects/3809/. ; Sreedharan, Liva and Aarti Kapoor. Sitting on pins and needles: a rapid assessment of labour conditions in Vietnam’s garment sector. Anti-Slavery International, April 2019, www.antislavery.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Pins-and-Needles-Vietnam-supply-chains-report.pdf. ; Accelerating action for a sustainable and circular garment and footwear industry: which role for transparency and traceability of value chains? UNECE, 2020, unece.org/DAM/trade/Publications/ECE_TRADE_449-AcceleratingTanspRraceabilityTextile.pdf.
38
Gaffar, Canaria and Ines Kaempfer. In the interest of the child? Child rights and homeworkers in textile and handicraft supply chains in Asia. Save the Children, 2019, resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/pdf/ccr_csr_stc_study_on_child_rights_and_homeworkers_2019.pdf/.
39
Richero, Raul and Simon Ferrigno. A Background Analysis on Transparency and Traceability in the Garment Value Chain. DAI Europe, 2016, https://platform.ict-tex.eu/pluginfile.php/1536/mod_resource/content/1/european_commission_study_on_background_analysis_on_transparency_and_traceability_in_the_garment_value_chain.pdf.
40
Are the clothes you are wearing free from child labour? European Commission, 2021, international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/news-and-events/stories/are-clothes-you-are-wearing-free-child-labour_en.
41
Accelerating action for a sustainable and circular garment and footwear industry: which role for transparency and traceability of value chains? UNECE, 2020, unece.org/DAM/trade/Publications/ECE_TRADE_449-AcceleratingTanspRraceabilityTextile.pdf.
42
Apparel. Verité, 2021, www.responsiblesourcingtool.org/visualizerisk.
43
Moulds, Josephine. Child labour in the fashion supply chain. Where, why and what can be done. The Guardian, 19 January 2015, abs.theguardian.com/unicef-child-labour/.
44
Sreedharan, Liva and Aarti Kapoor. Sitting on pins and needles: a rapid assessment of labour conditions in Vietnam’s garment sector. Anti-Slavery International, April 2019, www.antislavery.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Pins-and-Needles-Vietnam-supply-chains-report.pdf.
45
Flawed Fabrics. The abuse of girls and women workers in the South Indian textile industry. SOMO and ICN, October 2014, www.indianet.nl/pdf/FlawedFabrics.pdf.
46
Richero, Raul and Simon Ferrigno. A Background Analysis on Transparency and Traceability in the Garment Value Chain. DAI Europe, 2016, https://platform.ict-tex.eu/pluginfile.php/1536/mod_resource/content/1/european_commission_study_on_background_analysis_on_transparency_and_traceability_in_the_garment_value_chain.pdf
47
2021 Apparel and Footwear Benchmark Report. KnowTheChain, April 2021, knowthechain.org/wp-content/uploads/2021-KTC-AF-Benchmark-Report.pdf.
48
Employment, wages and productivity trends in the Asian garment sector. Data and policy insights for the future of work. International Labour Organization, 2022, www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_848624.pdf.
49
Aung, Zaw, et al. The Face of Child Labour. Stories from Asia’s Garment Sector. Fair Wear Foundation, 2018, api.fairwear.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/FWF-childlabourpublication-DEF-web-002.pdf.
50
Kara, Siddharth. Tainted Garments. The Exploitation of Women and Girls in India’s Home-based Garment Sector. Blum Center for Developing Economies, January 2019, drive.google.com/file/d/1ixp7QunDHOkOwJstndfaeBpQHBh_-Bmq/view.
51
Moulds, Josephine. Child labour in the fashion supply chain. Where, why and what can be done. The Guardian, 19 January 2015, labs.theguardian.com/unicef-child-labour/.
52
Industry Profile. Textile and Apparel. Responsible Sourcing Tool, www.responsiblesourcingtool.org/visualizerisk.
53
LeBaron, Genevieve, et al. Confronting root causes: forced labour in global supply chains. openDemocracy and The University of Sheffield, 2018, core.ac.uk/download/pdf/145637779.pdf. Children’s Rights in the Garment and Footwear Supply Chain. UNICEF, June 2020, www.unicef.org/media/70121/file/Childrens-rights-in-the-garment-and-footwear-supply-chain-2020.pdf.
54
Kara, Siddharth. Tainted Garments. The Exploitation of Women and Girls in India’s Home-based Garment Sector. Blum Center for Developing Economies, January 2019, drive.google.com/file/d/1ixp7QunDHOkOwJstndfaeBpQHBh_-Bmq/view.
55
Accelerating action for a sustainable and circular garment and footwear industry: which role for transparency and traceability of value chains? UNECE, 2020, unece.org/DAM/trade/Publications/ECE_TRADE_449-AcceleratingTanspRraceabilityTextile.pdf.
56
Richero, Raul and Simon Ferrigno. A Background Analysis on Transparency and Traceability in the Garment Value Chain. DAI Europe, 2016, international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2020-07/european_commission_study_on_background_analysis_on_transparency_and_traceability_in_the_garment_value_chain.pdf.
57
Accelerating action for a sustainable and circular garment and footwear industry: which role for transparency and traceability of value chains? UNECE, 2020, unece.org/DAM/trade/Publications/ECE_TRADE_449-AcceleratingTanspRraceabilityTextile.pdf.
58
Richero, Raul and Simon Ferrigno. A Background Analysis on Transparency and Traceability in the Garment Value Chain. DAI Europe, 2016, international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2020-07/european_commission_study_on_background_analysis_on_transparency_and_traceability_in_the_garment_value_chain.pdf.
59
Flawed Fabrics. The abuse of girls and women workers in the South Indian textile industry. SOMO and ICN, October 2014, www.indianet.nl/pdf/FlawedFabrics.pdf.
60
Sreedharan, Liva and Aarti Kapoor. Sitting on pins and needles: a rapid assessment of labour conditions in Vietnam’s garment sector. Anti-Slavery International, April 2019, www.antislavery.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Pins-and-Needles-Vietnam-supply-chains-report.pdf.
61
Industry Profile. Textile and Apparel. Responsible Sourcing Tool, www.responsiblesourcingtool.org/visualizerisk.
62
List of exporters for the selected product in 2021. Product: 61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted. ITC Trade Map, 2021, www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct.aspx?nvpm=1%7c%7c%7c%7c%7c61%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c%7c2%7c1%7c%7c1.
63
List of exporters for the selected product in 2021. Product: 62 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted. ITC Trade Map, 2021, www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct.aspx?nvpm=1%7c%7c%7c%7c%7c62%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1.

Funding is provided by the United States Department of Labor under cooperative agreement number IL‐35805. 100 percent of the total costs of the project or program is financed with federal funds, for a total of USD 4,000,000. This material does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the United States Government

Have questions? Contact us at: streams@verite.org
www.verite.org

Supply Chain Characteristics that Impact Traceability

Traceability Takeaways

Nature of Labor Rights Risk/Vulnerable Workers

Features of Production and Supply Chain

Distribution of Labor Risk in Various Production Areas

Linked Upstream and Downstream Risks

Risk in Nodes in Garments Production

Associated Upstream Goods with Labor Risk

Associated Downstream Goods and Consumer Sectors

Top Global Countries

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted

Examples & Resources: Traceability Efforts Associated With Garments

Footnotes